Semana Santa- 3

I've saved mentioning the processions until now, mostly because Sevilla is the place where the processions became really obvious. But first a little explanation...

The processions had several different parts. First, you have the Nazarenos. Those are the classic processors, the ones in the robes and pointy hats. Each group represents a different confraternity from a different church. Some are purple, white, blue, black, you name it, including two or more colors. Each are divided into different sections within the confraternity, called branches. There could be as many 9 branches in the Nazarenes. Following that, there are sometimes woman in mourning, dressed in black skirts and jackets, wearing the classic Spanish mantilla with the really high comb underneath and incredibly high heels. I can't imagine how they marched like that. You might, within the Nazarenes, have penitents, who wear robes but hats that are unpointed. They carry crosses, and are usually barefoot or in socks (they're not actually doing an assigned penance, but by choice). They're the reason you never ever throw glass on the ground during holy week. The rest of the year, well, Spain spends a lot of money on street cleaning. But never during holy week. After these initial groups, you get to what everyone is waiting for, the palio, or what I think it is in English, pall. It is a pall, a massive pall, carried by at least twelve men underneath. There are generally two in each procession. The first contains a representation of Christ; Christ in the garden, on the cross, at the last supper, etc. The statues are massive, and look extremely heavy. The men carrying it are directed by another man outside, who uses a knocker to signal when to lift the pall. He then tells them how to turn corners and when to set it down. It's a really long process, and when they stand up and turn a corner, everyone claps. They don't carry it for very long, only about ten yards, and then put it down. That's why some of these processions can take as many as 12 hours. They are followed by a musical group, usually a marching band, then it begins again. The second pall is of Mary, and in the south it was a large Mary under a canopy with about a hundred candles in front of her which are re-lit anytime they stop. The face and colors of Mary differ in color, decoration, and expression, though even I wondered if I was seeing the same thing twice. 

Kids are both participants and spectators. I thought it was quite funny, watching the spectator kids. They can ask the Nazarenes for a gift (candy or a religious image) and the Nazarenes can either ignore them, or give them something. Some also take a ball of foil and ask for wax drippings, and the Nazarenes will drip the excess wax from their massive lightsaber sized candles onto the ball. I saw kids who had quite a bit by Friday. The groups vary in seriousness, some that don't say a word as they go, and others that have a smoke when they stop (including the musicians, which was horrifying).

As for myself, I saw many parades, some by choice and others by necessity. It was like the triwizard maze. The walls kept closing in, and the way I came, I could no longer go back through. It took me an hour to get back to my hostel the first night. I learned a lesson after that-- the map they hand out is important to keep an eye on. I sat and watched the entirety of several parades, the first being 75 minutes long. I turned down another alley and got stuck in a crowd, and decided to stay and watch. I picked a suspiciously empty stretch of road, under an overhanging roof and next to a tiny wall that was sticking out. The alley was small, but I didn't realize how small it was until the palls came by. I literally stood on my tip toes, afraid those guys were going to move a little too far to their left. I had about six inches of room, and was able to stick my hand out and touch the edge of the pall, and see the small relic on the side. If I had new glasses, I probably would have been able to read the name. It was thrilling, in a scary kind of way.

Two other things you must do if you are in Sevilla. The first, of course, is the Cathedral. If I understood correctly, a large portion of the cathedral used to be a mosque, but was subsequently destroyed in an earthquake (all except the tower, the saving of which was credited to Saints Justa and Rufina, patrons of the city). So the cathedral is relatively new, built in a renaissance style. It's also the supposed burial place of Christopher Columbus, although the Dominic Republic believes his body to still be there, that when the Spanish lost that territory and went to bring Columbus's body back, they took the wrong one. Information conflicts on whether or not they've done the DNA test, and they'll probably never really agree. In any case, if his body isn't there, there's a marvelous tomb. It's also apparently the biggest cathedral in the world, and they have the Guinness World Record sheet to prove it. It is again, a lovely cathedral, and they have a nice tower you can climb up for no extra cost. Also, if you don't like or can't climb stairs, this one's mostly ramp.

Secondly, you should visit the Plaza of Spain. Used as a film location in the new Star Wars films, it's probably the most beautiful plaza I've seen yet. It's huge and round, with a small boating river on the outskirts and a fountain in the middle. Horse drawn carriages circle every few minutes, taking you on a ride through the park next to the plaza. It's really charming, and you can go up to the second floor of the plaza for some amazing views. You can also find the names and a map of every province in Spain painted on the bottom floor.  Just watch out for the fan and sunglasses sellers on the stairs. Remember, don't take anything you're handed, and if someone tries to give you a branch, shake your head and keep walking. This is an excellent place to go if you need a break from processions.

Next to the plaza is a park I dubbed the park of non-native things, including many things brought from the 'new world', and at least one tree that I'm pretty sure I remember from Costa Rica. It's also full of parrots, but I doubt they intended that, and instead they were probably pets that people decided they no longer wanted. Since this park has some many tropic trees, the parrots were doing very well there.

There are many other things you can see, but  I do recommend that if you're going to see specific things, go another time. If you want to see the processions, holy week is the time for you. But the alcazár, the plaza de toros, the torre de oro, and other famous locations are packed this time of year. If you'd like to see the palls but don't want to wait in line, you can always stop off at the churches during the morning. They're free to enter that time of year, and you can see the pall up close.

I suppose these posts have been a bit more general than specific. But it was such a crazy week, and so much happened, it's hard to put it in a post. If you'd like to know more details, I'll be back in the states in just about two months. 

Hopefully, I'll be able to travel somewhere in my remaining six weeks in my program, but if not, my family and I are going to Paris and then to visit Monet's Garden, along with Burgos and Barcelona (and of course, Aranda). Then, on my way back to the States, I have a nice day layover in Berlin. So I'm sure I'll have hundreds more pictures to take, though I'm going to have to buy another thumb drive. Sixteen gigs just wasn't enough. 

Semana Santa- 2

Granada was my first experience with the famous processions in Spain. It's a very hilly city, and I got off at the wrong bus stop. Not too far, but a bit. The next step, according to my directions, was to get on another bus. But it was after 5 o'clock, and the processions had begun. So forget the bus. I had to hoof it, and although later I learned it wasn't that far, dragging a giant suitcase (I'm too cheap to get a smaller one when I've got a perfectly good bigger one) through cobbled streets (which sucks, fyi) and up cobbled hills (which sucks more) was... exhausting. I got stopped several times by the procession, and attempted to go around, which was not super successful, as the road I needed to follow was next to a river. As usual, I managed to entertain all those around me with my antics, and people were pretty open about their amusement, assuming the blonde girl can't speak Spanish.

To top it all off, I got lost, taking a left instead of a right, and wandered up and down the wrong hills for about an hour. A nice couple stopped and helped me, and I managed to find my way to my hostel. At that point, the sun had set, and all I wanted to do was eat and collapse. I watched a procession from the window of a Kebap shop, then went back and fell asleep. It was totally worth it though, as my hostel had an amazing view of the city and the Alhambra (see next paragraph). 

The second day things really began. I only had the two days, and Monday I'd scheduled one of the things I most looked forward to, the Alhambra. A Muslim palace until 1492, it's magnificent. It's not just one building, but more like 5, and it used to be more. It's a fortress, a palace, a garden, and a few smaller buildings in between, including a bath house. I arrived through a beautiful path over the river (it's a hike, wear good shoes) and up the side of the hill, and was 2.5 hours early to my palace visit. I thought, no way am I going to have enough to do. Boy was I wrong! I spent an hour just walking through the gardens, and another climbing the fortress. This is the place Washington Irving wrote his Tales of the Alhambra, and you can still see many of the things that inspired him. You can see the door of the seven floors, where treasure was supposedly hidden under. You can see the outlines of the houses were both the men of the Moorish and Christian kings lived, to better serve their majesties. It's fascinating, and I do recommend grabbing the audio guide. 

The best part, hands down, is the Nazarene Palace. It was built by the various Moorish kings, and it is marvelous. Geometric mosaics line every wall, Arabic and other intricate patterns are carved into the stone, and speak of the greatness of kings and of God. You'll find throne rooms, gardens, reflecting ponds, and most famously, the Lion Court, a fountain built on the back of twelve stone lions. It is a marvel. Carve out half your day, if you plan on going. And if the price seems steep, remember it's  five buildings and beautiful gardens. And I do recommend booking on line. Even if it's not their busy season, it'll save you the wait, and guarantee you get in, because by the time I left at 2 o' clock, they were sold out for the day. 

My next stop was two churches, the first being the final resting place of the Catholic king and queen. It was more of a chapel, I suppose. No pictures are allowed, but I've been looking for their graves since Toledo. That's where they were originally going to be buried, but after the conquest of Granada, they decided that was the spot. They were also buried with Juana la Loca and Philip the Handsome, whose own stories are interesting as well, if tragic. Anyway, it was a nice little chapel, if a little overpriced.

The Cathedral next door was beautiful, but odd. It was relatively small, and it was shaped in a cruciform, but with a slight difference. The top portion was rounded, and so was the altar. I've gotten used to an older Cathedral, I suppose, since those in CyL were constructed earlier (the area remained in Spanish hands almost exclusively). For the most part, I've seen Gothic and Romanesque styles, and I think this Cathedral was affected by renaissance styling (as was the one in Sevilla). Since the building was quite small, it can be visited in 30 minutes, if you need to. I didn't get to go to mass here, but it had two massive organs, and I'm sure it would have been lovely.

In fact, all of the churches here were beautiful. I walked into one that was covered in gold, another with every inch painted, which reminded me of Rome. Quite different from the stone and retablo artwork I'm used to in Castilla y León and some of the other places I've traveled. And then it got me to thinking, what am I going to do without churches like these in the United States? That will be a bit depressing.

Just as an interesting aside, I heard an adhan, the Arabic prayer that's said five times a day, blasted out over the loudspeakers my first afternoon there. It took me by surprise at first, but it was actually pretty cool. I'm not sure where the mosque is, but there are once again a lot of Arabic people living in this part of Spain. Anyway, a new, interesting experience for me.

 Onto Sevilla!  

Semana Santa- Part 1

Córdoba

Well, I've had about a week to decompress from my massive week long journey, and I'm ready to post a blog about it. It was a lot to take in, and I did a lot. So for you, the readers, I'm going to do my best to compress the week into three readable and sensible posts.

Here goes...

I started out the week in Córdoba. It's a beautiful city, not too large, but includes a really interesting mix of Spanish and Moorish architecture. Despite it being small, there's no shortage of activity. I only a day and a half there, so I picked what to me sounded like the most interesting spots in the city, the cathedral (is anyone surprised?) and the Alcazár de los Reyes Cristianos.

First, the Cathedral, affectionately known as the Mezquita, or the little Mosque. It is probably one of the most unique cathedrals in the world, because it didn't start out that way. When the Moors came in and conquered Andalucía (400s or so), they built this huge kingdom, which of course included a large number of mosques, most famously, the Mezquita in Córdoba. I posted pictures on facebook, but they don't really capture this amazing building. On the outside, it's wrapped in a peaceful courtyard, surrounded by the original walls and a tower off to the side. Orange trees with a unique Arabic watering system etched in the stone pathways. When you walk in, it's like entering a forest of slim columns, all of which end in double arches and painted with the original red stripes. The walls are etched, not in the usual Christian religious symbols or reliefs of saints and angels, but in Arabic words of prayer and petition, mixed into complex geometric forms. Arabic arches are cut into the walls, the largest pointing in the direction of Mecca. It's dark for a Cathedral, but not in an unpleasant way. When you move through the building, you feel as though you are connected not just with the Christian worshippers, but with the Muslim ones that came before, as if the floors are still lined with prayer rugs. It's an amazing building, and one could spend hours marveling at the different architecture and the synthesis between Christian and Muslim art.

And then you come to the center of the building, and bam! It's like the Hallelujah chorus starts to play. The center of the building opens up into a Gothic ceiling, and the light of the tall windows streams in. It's such a change, that for me I found it startling. Beautiful, still, and integrated into the rest of the building. I was fascinated, and I highly recommend a visit to this marvelous cathedral.

The second building I recommend in Córdoba, if you only have a little while, is the Fortress of the Christian King and Queen, otherwise known as Ferdinand and Isabella. Theirs is a fascinating history, and is one that I never really learned on the other side of the pond. Mostly we learn about Columbus's voyage from the perspectives of the Americas, but we don't learn about all that led up to Columbus sailing the ocean blue in 1492, nor the lives of the King and Queen and their children. It's really quite fascinating, and I recommend checking it out sometime. In any case, this fortress was, like the Cathedral, originally built by the Moors. But, in the 1490s, Spain reclaims the territory (or at least what was Spain at the time). Granada is the huge win, but Córdoba is a good one as well. And the fortress was just too beautiful to part with. And you know what, it still is. It's a nice building (it's a fortress, so you can imagine it's not the super lavish), but you really go for the exterior. The gardens are filled with flowers, all maintained by this same unique Arabic watering system, carrying water down from its source and running it through the stone pathways, including along the banisters of the staircases. (They also created a dam system that was more sophisticated than the Roman's aqueduct system). If I lived there, I would probably spend all day reading in that park.

Córdoba is also known for its beautiful patios, and most especially the patio festival in May. I've heard that it's marvelous, and even if you don't go during the festival, some patios will still be decorated. I got the opportunity to go to Palm Sunday mass and got a real palm! (Which I lost in Granada, but that's besides the point.) It was a lovely service, and despite their thick accent, I enjoyed it thoroughly.

A word of advice, and of warning. Tapas are free in Andalucía with a drink purchase. You should eat them. Especially berenjas con miel, eggplant (aubergine, if you like) with honey. They are fried and slathered in honey, taking away all their nutritional value, I'm sure, but totally worth it. Eat them. But do not, I mean it, do not eat rabo del toro, bull's tail. I did, thinking, hey, it's local, I'm going to try it. Basically, they gave me a slab of meat, still attached to the tail and spinal bone. It was so cooked it slid right off, but not in a good way. It was... too soft. And covered in a certain type of sauce... no sé qué. I could not stomach much, and I'm pretty sure my hostel roommate ate the same thing, and was super ill all day. I woke up in the middle of the night, feeling quite bad, sat up and told myself to 'ajo y agua' as they say in Spain, sat up and fell back asleep. I was fine in the morning, but consider yourselves warned.

Next, Granada! 

San Sebastian Donastia

I took a trip this last weekend to the Basque Country, specifically to San Sebastian (or Donastia as it's called in Basque). If you've never seen the Basque Country, I imagine it looks a lot like Ireland- Green and mountainous. There's a different feel up there, as if you really are crossing into another country. The cities have a more open feel, the buildings are a little bit brighter. Small villages are scattered in the hills and mountains, and livestock wander the pastures. I could see why the Basque immigrated to Idaho, because, although our mountains are quite dry and our weather basically the opposite, the mountains reminded me a lot of home.

And of course, there's the language. I fell asleep on my way, and when I woke up, I wasn't sure where I was (turned out I was in Vitoria). But one glance at the signs tells you where you are. Basque comes first in the Basque Country, and the street signs, restaurants, and businesses are all first in Basque, and maybe in Spanish later. (At least in this part of the Basque Country. Not all of the provinces are the same with their treatment of Basque language and culture.) I can say, goodbye and welcome in Basque (not super helpful) but everyone does speak Spanish if they must.

San Sebastian is a beach town, and a gorgeous one at that. I stayed at a nice surfer hostel, which was reasonably priced- for now. But if you go after Semana Santa, it was more than double the rate for each night. Yikes. I met a nice woman from Canada, and we later hung out some during the weekend.

The first day I spent at the beach. It wasn't quite warm enough to swim, so I people watched and walked up and down the beach a few times. It was really lovely. The water is clear and the beach is fairly clean. And the views could not be beat.

I ate some wonderful pintxos for dinner, Basque style. Basically, they make a bunch and set them out on plates. You grab your own plate, load up, eat, and pay at the end. (Paying at the end, even in bars, is common in Spain.) I was surprised to learn that they no longer use the different sized toothpick method. The Basque Market in Boise uses that to measure your pintxo consumption, but in the Basque Country, they've digitized. It was Friday, so I skipped the ham I wanted to eat (truly a penance) and went with bacalao, tuna, octopus, and non meat based pintxos.

I went to visit the two main churches in SS. The first was Santa María del Coro, the patron of the city (supposedly brought up from Latin America, I can't remember which country). It's a very nice church, and the guy at the door let me in for free, when he saw that I only had a twenty. Super nice guy. The other church was Buen Pastor Cathedral, the Good Sheppard. While small, (compared to other Spanish Cathedrals), it's built in a Gothic Style, without a lot of chapels along the sides. But the really neat thing is the stained glass. Because of the way the church faces (exactly in line with del Coro, by the way) the sun streams in through the glass and casts colored shadows on the walls. It's really beautiful, and unfortunately, did not get captured on my camera.

The second day my main goal was to hike up Monte Urgull, which is right behind del Coro and was supposed to have a fantastic view of Playa de las conchas. It's a terrific hike up, and not too strenuous. It's mostly paved at the bottom, though about half way up you run into cobbled path, which is uneven and can be a little difficult. With each turn, the view gets more and more stunning. It's green and humid, more humid the higher you go. It wasn't raining while I was there, but the frequent rain has left everything moss covered and almost magical looking. (If you've been to Multnomah Falls near Portland and climbed up to the top, it reminded me of that, though that's a more intense hike than this one). I wandered up a set of stone stairs, some worn down and some completely missing, and found myself at an old tunnel. The tunnel led up to another hiking trail, and no matter which way you go, you find yourself at an old castle/fort. The first castle I've been in, despite living in Castilla y León. There's also an English cemetery along the way, and though I saw it from above, I couldn't find it on my way down.

Going into the castle gives you an even better view of the surrounding area. There are several different layers to the castle, and the best part is that it's free! If you continue to the top, you'll find a museum dedicated to life in San Sebastian throughout the ages, and it's also free. The museum is quite interesting. The most fascinating thing for me is what is called "The Sack of Donostia". Essentially, in the late 18th Century, Napoleon used San Sebastian as a way to get to Portugal, and there was very little resistance. SS had these massive walls built up around the city, including the fort and the island. It was actually referred to as The Rock on some English maps. And let's just say that having Napoleon's troops in the city, well, it wasn't great. In 1813, the English and Portuguese teamed up to 'liberate' SS. It took a while, but they finally managed it on 31 August. The people were thrilled, and greeted the soldiers with flags and cheers. However, they immediately started to sack the city, stealing, raping, and burning the buildings to the ground. Only one street was spared, because that's where they were collecting all their riches. 1600 people died in the city, and everything was destroyed. This was supposedly revenge for allowing Napoleon to come through without resistance, though the English general would later deny the claim. In the 1800s, SS had to rebuild, and became something of a vacation spot, with a large casino, water activities, and other carnival activities. It still has some of those characteristics, though the casino is now the town hall.

After going through the museum, your reward is the best view in the city. You get to go all the way to the top, right next to the statue of Jesus. It's breathtaking, and so worth the hike. I've posted them on my facebook page, but if you're not friends with me there, you can send me an email and I'll send you some of my best shots.

It's a great city and definitely worth the visit, even if it's still too cold to swim. If you like to surf, sail, or paddle board, you're in good company.

Next week, I've got my biggest trip yet, seven days around Andalucía. Since a weekend trip ran me ragged, I can't imagine what seven days will do to me. But I will be spending Easter weekend (Holy Saturday and Easter Sunday) in Aranda, and so I'll get to experience Holy Week here as well (and there are some pretty interesting traditions here as well, more on that later). I'll try to bring my computer and update as I go, but if I can't, have a joyous rest of Lent and a Happy Easter!   

A summary of normal life

Hello!

I know it's been a while since I've written a blog, but honestly, nothing that exciting has happened to me since I got back from London. It's pretty, well, normal here. But I thought at the very least I should catch everyone who does read my blog up with life over here.

I just finished my conversation classes with the teachers in the area. I must say, I'm really going to miss them! They were quite fun, and I learned a lot. I'm hoping to snag a few more private lessons to make some extra income, and it looks like I'll be able to do that. And, my regular work is going well. The students like  me (my 1eso class clapped when I came in) but that's mostly because they think, and I quote 'English is boring', and when I'm there we play games. (Jokes on them, they're actually learning English when they play the games, bwa ha ha).

I had great success with one game, which was fairly simple, but entertaining. Basically, you put a bunch of random letters on the board. From there, the students had to take the letters and make words. You see who can make the longest word, the most words, etc. They really enjoyed coming up to the board and writing the words the found, and even my usually non-participatory students wanted to join in. Sometimes, the best classroom stuff is the easiest. 

Recently, Spain enjoyed carnival, a roughly four day festival. It's much like Mardi Gras, you dress up in costume and party, but with a Spanish feel. I went out Saturday for dinner with some friends, joined them in group costumes (no one will ever see those pictures), and went out afterwards to some bars. The dinner was fine. It was really late, so late in fact that we didn't finish eating until 1 am. Yeah. It was late. The food was a bit disappointing, cold and slow and not very tasty, and I thought perhaps the waitress might give us a break off the 25 Euro menú cost. Not so. What she said, after we expressed our feelings was, "Sorry. Not my fault, you know? But you can smoke if you want." None of us smoked.

The bars I have to say were a bit much for me. I'm getting better with the lack of personal bubble in Spain, but packed in a club to the point where you can't even dance or breath, where people are shoving into you every five seconds and the music is blasting so loud you can't hear yourself think... well, I wasn't exactly having a good time. I'm not really a club person to begin with, but for the rest of Carnival, I stayed home and hung out.

After Carnival was Ash Wednesday. As you may have seen if you're friends with me on Facebook, I was confused all day by the fact that I saw not a single ash covered forehead. Not one. I know Spain isn't as Catholic as it used to be, but come on? What about the old ladies and the kids in Catholic school who went to mass during the school day? So I went to mass about 7:30 (19.30) and was all ready to get ashes smeared on my forehead. All seemed very much the same (though I missed the traditional English Ash Wednesday hymn. You know the one I'm talking about.) But when I went up, and started pushing my hair away from my forehead, the priest gives me a funny look. I realize that they don't do that here, instead, they sprinkle the ashes on top of your head in the form a cross! Mystery solved!

Other than that, nothing  much to note. Normal life, paying bills, trying to get the heater fixed, and enjoying the above 60 degree weather we're supposed to be having for at least the next seven days.

I'm most excited about what's coming up: Holy Week. I've got a trip planned to the south of Spain, to the three most famous cities; Córdoba, Granada, and Sevilla. Sevilla's Holy Week celebrations are legendary, and I can't wait to see them. I'll be there for Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, and most of Friday. Córdoba is a little town I've heard, so I'll be there on Saturday. And Granada is home to the Muslim palace and fortress, the Alhambra. It's a beautiful building, and I'm so excited to see it in person. I bought my tickets today online on the advice of some friends, and thank goodness I did. All of Holy Week, except for Monday and Sunday, was completely sold old. Luckily, those are the two days I'll be there! I think I got one of the last tickets for Monday as well, as there was basically only one slot I could choose from, all marked with the number 1. I must say I'm feeling quite lucky. So, in April, expect some gorgeous pictures!

I've got three other must see cities to visit before I go; Segovia (with its Roman Aqueducts), San Sebastian (a Basque costal town), and Barcelona (need I say more?). Anything beyond that will be a bonus, and I do have promises from friends to take me to their home towns (usually small towns in the vicinity of Burgos and Aranda). With all that, it should satisfy my desire to explore Spain before I head home. Only 97 days left in my program. How time flies! 

(PS Have a Holy Lent!)

London, Day 3

My last day in London. First of all, because I'm cheap, I hauled my stuff around London all day. Granted, I just had the one bag and a thing of souvenirs, but still, it was kind of annoying. I got a lot of pity stares. 

My first stop was mass. I started out attempting to get to the 9:00 at the Westminster Cathedral. I got on the tube, and once again, a closed station deterred me. The next mass was at 10:30, so I got off at Westminster and walked around Big Ben, Parliament, and Westminster Abbey. They're all incredible buildings, but closed on Sunday. Turns out I was at the wrong station for the church, so I took a long walk. The cathedral is only about 100 years old, but built in a Gothic style. It's filled with beautiful mosaics, new, but not... modern, if you know what I mean. And it turns out that by waiting for the 10:30, I got to go to a mass said by Cardinal Turk! Not only that, but it was a solemn mass, meaning most of it was in Latin, and the Westminster Choir sang from the front of the altar. It was gorgeous, and I was so pleased that the train had been shut down. Hooray for scheduled maintenance!

After mass I got some lunch (what I've been leaving out are all the places I ate... I spent a lot of my time eating), got some coffee (I was running on sugar and caffeine all weekend. Yes, it killed me on Tuesday.), and was asked out by the gentleman next to me. I thought I looked awful, so I took it as a compliment. I did turn him down. Nicely, I think.

From there, I was off to the British Museum. Again, it's free. And it's fantastic. Just the Rosetta Stone alone is worth it. There are also mummies and art from every continent. Their Egyptian collection is the most impressive I've seen so far, and it was definitely a different sort of museum from the religious ones I've visited lately. There's one building, I believe it was called the King's Library, that seems like it was the inspiration for the library in Beauty and the Beast. I recommend spending a couple hours there, at least. Especially if it's cold or wet outside (and it's London, so the chance that it's raining is pretty high). 

From there, I had a choice. I almost went to the Eye, which I still want to do someday, but instead of standing in line for a while there, I decided to use my time more wisely and went to Camden Market. If you like weird things, that's the market to go to. The buildings are covered with three dimensional shoes and mermaids and motorcycles. There are about a million exotic food stalls on the river, and you can sit and eat on a half scooter turned into a chair. It's got a  bunch of really kitschy stuff and several smaller markets inside warehouses that are basically mazes. Don't forget to haggle! And check out a store called Cyberdog. It's basically a rave from the future, android mannequins everywhere. Cool, but the clothing is ridiculous. Imagine the Fifth Element, and that's basically what they sell.

Finally, after buying a hat, a gift, and some delicious tiny pancakes, I made my way to my final destination-  A Jack the Ripper tour. It also gave me the chance to check out the Tower of London and London Bridge (making the only major landmark I didn't see the Palace. Next time). The tour was guided on Sunday by a world renown Jack the Ripper expert. It was creepy, but fascinating. You can still walk to the locations where the bodies were found. He also taught us a bit about the city at the time, especially about the lives of the people who lived in this eastern section of the city. London itself, the actual city, is only a one mile area. The rest of the surrounding was a very poor neighborhood, slums essentially,  and the prostitutes and factory workers lived there. They paid rent by the day, and hundreds of people would line up to purchase a room each night. The prostitutes would wear all the clothes they owned, men's boots, and got two pence for each man. That's less than a half a pound of cheese. The women would often find men outside a church, because the main roads in and out of the city passed in front and behind it. The rule was that if a prostitute stopped walking, they could be arrested for soliciting. So they would circle the church like a roundabout, going quickly around the sides and slowly around the front and back. We also learned about the warring police forces, that inside London proper, and that without, and how their competitive and territorial nature kept the Ripper at large for so long. It was fascinating, and done by the same company as the Sherlock walk. Of course, no one knows who exactly Jack the Ripper was, but they guy gave a pretty good reason for believing that the man committed suicide shortly after the fifth murder (even his family thought he was the killer).

I finished the tour about 22:30, and from there went back to the airport. The security desk was closed, but Gatwick is pretty well prepared for sleepers. It's got 24 hour desks and a cafeteria and really comfortable chairs, which I did not get to in time. They also have free phone chargers, and if you get close enough to the little hotel they have, you can use their internet for free! Unfortunately, there was this guy snoring like a bear or a elephant or something that would be equally annoying when it's asleep on a bench in the airport. I wasn't asleep, but he woke up everyone around him. I cannot over stress the importance of bringing earphones. I think I slept for about 1 hour on the floor and 1 in a chair. Needless to say, I've been recovering all week.

London is fantastic. If you can, go. And when you plan it right, it doesn't have to burn through your wallet and you'll still have a great time! 

London, Day 2

Day 2:

My plan was to get up and go to Cardiff for a day. Mostly to visit the Doctor Who Museum, because well, because I'm a nerd. But when I got up that morning to take the tube to Victoria station, it stopped half way. The whole line was closed. And it didn't even stop at a station where I could transfer. I was stuck. They announced that a bus would be taking people the rest of the way, but by the time I got up it was totally full. I tried walking to the next station with a transferring line, but by the time I made it my bus had already left.

Not a bad thing, though. I rode back to my hostel (on a double decker bus!), got another night at my hostel (for twice the price) and headed out again. I first made my way to Portobello Road. If you like antiques, this is the market for you. It's only open on Saturdays, but the shops on PR are also antique stores, so you'll still be able to find things. I got a cute dress (on sale! I love Jan/Feb in Europe) and some exotic food (Sudanese lamb sausages).

After the market I traveled to Foyle's Bookstore, a must for book-lovers. It's massive, and since the books were in English, I spent about 2 hours browsing. I got a couple of books for my private lesson students, all of which seemed to hit the mark! It was a completely worthwhile trip.

Part of the fun of London is just walking down the streets. It's a city unlike others I've been to. The ancient stone of Spain and Portugal and Italy are amazing, but London, because of the great fire, is mostly not that old (although you can find Roman walls) so it's a really neat city for architecture. And it's full of charming little pubs, with names like The Porcupine. 

After Foyle's it was getting late, and I managed to sort of... stumble to the National Gallery. Go there, it's free! I spent several hours here, looking at Renoir and Monet, Manet and DaVinci. Currently they have Van Gogh's Sunflowers, which was worth the queue. 

I decided to end the evening with a film in Leicester Square. But while waiting, I wandered around a bit. It's a really neat place, so there's lots to see. Chinatown is right there, and as I'm on my way down the street towards the hanging lanterns, I run into a church. It's a Catholic Church, and that evening they were doing Taize prayer. I decided to stop by, because, why not? It's was a lovely little church, but the coolest thing was that it was a French Catholic Church. The chant was in French, they have mass in French, the priests are French speaking. Most of the parishioners seemed to be French speaking African immigrants. It was really cool, even though I had no idea what they were saying.

Finally, I went back to the movie theater. Funny thing about movie theaters here- you have assigned seats. It was the same somewhere else I went, though I can't recall where. Other than that, it's just as expensive in London as it is in the States. But, they had less movies in general, and fewer movies late at night.

Thus ended my second day. It was a good one, and I wasn't upset about my plans being ruined. I think this is a good moment for a warning, however. If you are American and going to London, use cash. It's amazing to me sometimes how little cards are used. Cash is king in the UK and the EU. Finally, if you have an American card, you will probably not be able to use the automatic ticket machines. A number of them are chip based, so if you go just with a card, it's a gamble. Europe uses these cards with a tiny chip at the bottom which you can scan or partially insert into a slot. While the sliding motion can be used at tills and registers, machines are not as likely to have a slide option, and the machine won't take the card (though you can always got to the desk, where they can run it like credit). This is especially true in metro machines. 

London, Day 1

I'll probably go ahead and divide my adventure in London into a couple of different posts, by day I think. So, without further ado:

Day 1-

Actually, Day 1 started the night before when I made my way by bus to the Madrid airport. When you make 700 Euro a month and know that the city you're going to is super expensive, sleeping in airports is often the best option. Not only that, but trying to make a 7:30 plane is tricky when the metro doesn't open until  5:00 or so. The Madrid airport is not one for creature comforts, but if you get past security (I got in at 23:00, and they were still open) there are  a number of benches, some with four chairs between the arm rests! I got about 4 hours sleep. I think I'm becoming quite good at this. You need a sweater, a fluffy jacket, a glasses case (I do anyway), and something to lay your head on (I recommend your bag if possible). Also, ear phones. Ear phones are great. Especially when someone is snoring like a bear (but I'll get to that later).

I arrived in London at about 10:30, Gatwick Airport, and took a train from there to Victoria Train Station. It was such a relief to hear English again! And especially British English. This was the first time I noticed the stark contrasts between Spain and England. The train was rather crowded, and an older gentleman had to make his way up and down it several times. "Pardon me, excuse me, so sorry." It was almost a caricature. I realized though that it was pretty similar to the US, and the opposite from Spain. In Spain, you don't have to apologize for slightly bumping into people, you just do it. I also realized I've gotten used to the Spanish system. I was 'rude' a couple times on my trip, and I imagine that's kind of how it will be when I get back to the States. But more on that later, I'm sure.

I started out by making my way to my hostel. It was fine place, although I've decided that a must have for me from now on is a locker in every room. Anyway, by the time I managed to get through customs it was already 13:00, so I went straight away to a Sherlock Holmes tour with a company called London Walks. I highly recommend this company. It's only 7 pound if you're a student (with a card) and the guides are really knowledgeable. It was also a great way to see various parts of London. We went down all these little back alleys, and the guide pointed out all these things that you'd normally just walk right by. For example, the lamps behind St. Paul's are original, working, gas lamps! It was a very interesting walk, and I posted a bunch of pictures and a mini tour on my Facebook page.

One quick note on getting around in London- don't buy individual tube tickets. You can get one day ticket, regions 1-6, for about 9 pounds. And you'll be able to get your money's worth, easy. You can also get an Oyster Card, but I did the day pass and it worked out just fine.

After the tour, the guide mentioned that we were just around the corner from the only surviving Benjamin Franklin house in the world. He lived in London for 15 years trying to negotiate peace with England, and he loved London. There's no furniture in the house, but all the rooms and sconces and what not are all original. It was really neat to walk where he once walked. Another interesting aspect of the house is that when they were cleaning it up, they found a massive grave in the basement. Was Franklin involved in something shady? 

Actually, the owner of the house was a Doctor, and ran a sort of surgery school. But in order for his students to practice, they needed cadavers. This was illegal then.  They could only obtain the bodies of convicted criminals, which were not enough for all the medical schools, so instead they contracted these guys called 'resurrection men' who would dig up graves and steal bodies. Funny enough, it wasn't illegal. The only thing that would be illegal would be to steal their possessions.  

After the house I went to King's Cross  to check out the shops, most importantly the Harry Potter 9 3/4 doorway. One of the coolest things about London are the main train stations. Some are completely new, but some are a mix of new and old buildings, shops that have been in use since Victorian times. Finally, after eating some dinner, I went back to the hostel and passed out. 

Catholicism in Spain, Part 2

Sorry about the radio silence. I haven't been able to get on the internet in a week now, not from the library, anyway. Because of that, the only time I was able to get on (at a tea shop) I spent the entire few hours doing work. So no time to blog.

Finally though, I've got some spare minutes before I head over to a birthday celebration (with lechazo, so excited). I thought, heck, I should probably finish that religion post, part 2, that I promised (a month ago). 

Fair warning, it's a Catholic post, with Catholic themes, theology, morality, and the works. If you'd like anything further explained, if you'd like to argue, anything at all, message me on Facebook and we can discuss via email. Also, this is based just on my observation. I'd love to hear any opposing view points.

In a lot of ways, Spain has similar issues to the States when it comes to religion. There's a very low percentage of mass attendance, and those who do attend are usually older, at least in their sixties or seventies. The black hole of religious attendance is roughly 20-35. It's the stage after you become an adult (maybe in university, maybe still at home) but you don't have kids yet. It seems to be that children, just as in the US, are the ones who draw parents back to the church, at least for a little while. Though to be honest, I'm not sure that it's so much an understanding of the importance of the sacraments as it is more of 'this is what we do'. Which I think brings up another important point...

Spain was a Catholic country. Very, very Catholic. I've mentioned several times how incredible it is to walk into the thousand year old churches that are all throughout this country, from the smallest pueblo to the biggest city. It really is amazing. And Spaniards, in general, are proud of their ancient heritage (maybe not as a collective nation, but in their individual regions). The government pays to help up keep the old churches, they keep a number of feast days as holidays (even if the name has been changed), and as I mentioned, it seems that in general, children get the sacraments. But it seems that most people view these long standing traditions the same way they view the castle down the road, 'This is our heritage, this is part of our community, but at this point, it's a museum.' 

I think problems arise when your religion and national identity are completely intertwined. Stepping back a bit, it's easy to see that a good way to keep Spain unified (after really not wanting to be unified) was with their Catholic identity. As a number of countries fell to some sort of Protestantism, it would have united them to be Catholic, with the Reyes Catolicos, pilgrimages, shrines, religious orders, and saints. And at the time, when Spain was a world power, they never thought their would be a downside. 

Fast forward to Franco. 

My knowledge of Spanish history is not extensive, but in summary, Franco dominated by using what we in the US could call 'conservative values'. He used the church and, it pains me to say it, many clergy went right along with him. Catholic and national identity, instead of representing a world power, came to represent a repressive, totalitarian government. What often gets overlooked is that so many priests, religious, and lay people, were killed in the civil war for refusing to renounce their faith, which is a good thing, whatever side they were on (recently 55 were canonized from the Diocese of Burgos, my region, you can get more info here). These beatifications (1,500 or so at this point) were quite controversial because of the church's involvement in Franco's regime, despite the fact that those beatified were not fighters, but priests dragged from their convents or churches and killed. I think the controversy over the beatifications explains the entire attitude towards Catholicism in Spain- The church did bad things, so now nothing good can be said about it. Or, in maybe a less severe statement, until the church admits she did wrong in supporting Franco, nothing good should be given to those who supported the republican side.

Of course, the church did a lot of bad things in supporting Franco. He was crazy, murderous, and deserves to be denounced. It's a deep wound here in Spain (though I would note that the highest percentage of mass attendees are those who would have been adults during his rule). It causes a lot of people to really dislike the church in general, while still enjoying the cultural heritage. I won't repeat them, but if someone really wants to swear in Spain, they go for blasphemy. 

After what was an extreme union of church and state, they've gone, in a lot of ways, the opposite direction. Catholic morality has been completely discarded at the governmental level. Even a lot of people that I know who are Catholic have done away with Catholic morality. Abortion, gay marriage, sex before marriage, contraception; all these are clear Catholic moral teachings that seem to be rejected without question. 

There are definite parallels between here and the US. But here, it's on a massive scale, a country-wide scale. It breaks my heart a little, seeing the history and the present. The great saints of Spain left their mark, and now it seems like so little remains (I promise I'll end the post with something positive, bear with me). I think that what we as a church must take away from this experience is not to look at things on a national level, but instead on the level of right or wrong. Not that we shouldn't get involved in politics. I think that's key (and I hate politics). But labeling ourselves and conservative or progressive or liberal or whatever could never encompass the solid truths of the Catholic church. In order to see things clearly, we first of all must be Catholic. If we don't, it's only too easy to get carried away in being Franco's church. 

As promised, the positives. About half the priests I know here are under 40. They're fantastic, devoted young men. There's an entire community of religious women in a town right down the road. They make up the majority of the population, and they're young! I've seen them on numerous occasions, and most are in their thirties! In fact they are a lot of religious orders, all of varying sizes. I know very deeply religious people. Not just older, but my age and younger. I've been on retreats with them, prayed in adoration with them, gone to dinner with them. They are the new generation of Catholics in Spain. Untainted by the regime of the dictator that Hitler called crazy, they are revitalizing the church. Overall I'm left with hope, and the the assurance from Christ that the gates of Hell will not prevail, the victory has been won, and the church, despite the fact that it's made up of all of us sinners, will stand firm. 

Happy New Year, Spanish Style

Following my Christmas adventure, I came back to Spain (and was quite relieved to be back in a country in which I speak the language). I passed out after Christmas, quite exhausted. But my lovely priest here, Raul, invited me to a prayer group with some people roughly my age. One of the women is just a little younger than me (though she looks 2 years old than me) and invited me to celebrate New Year's Eve with her family! Que maja. I accepted, as my previous New Years plans included buying twelve grapes, eating them at the stroke of midnight, and going to bed. Lame, I know.

Instead, I dressed up and went over to visit with her family. It was a delightful and cultural experience. Her family welcomed me, even showed me pictures from their son's wedding. I ate rich, typical New Years food, which, similar to Christmas, is sea food. They were nice enough to make it without shrimp for me (I'm allergic). It was delicious. A third of a fish, avocado filled with tuna, Spanish ham (so much better than American 'ham'), bread, and wine and beer from their vineyard. We had good conversation, and I was amused by the little nieces, who insisted on dancing with me, and told me all the English words they knew. It was a fantastic evening.

A momentary explanation of grapes. After we finished up dinner (about 11:30) we took several pictures, and waited for midnight, holding tiny wooden baskets filled with 12 grapes each. In Spain, there is no ball drop. Instead, they eat a grape with each stroke of midnight. Ours were vineyard grapes, authentic and seeded (which made them kind of difficult to eat with each stroke). They also have a tradition of wearing red, singing villancicos (carols) and partying into the early morning. Several times I was asked, "What do you eat on New Years?" "What are your New Years traditions?" My answer was always, "I usually watch the ball drop in New York." Lame, I know. I did get some amusement out of explaining how people shoot blanks on New Year's ("You mean with guns? That they have in their house?") though that probably didn't do anything positive for American stereotypes. In truth, I don't really have any New Years traditions. Perhaps I'll have to import some from Spain back to the States.

Afterwards, we went out and partied. I made it until 3:30 am, and then I was done (this was excellent for me, truth be told). My friends weren't even close to being done. They bought this pass that got them in for free to three bars, with a drink in each one. When I left at 3:30, we'd only been to one bar, and that wasn't even part of the pass deal. We got into that one for free! As you can imagine, the 1st is a national holiday, mostly because it's an important feast day, but also probably because everyone's passed out until the afternoon. (because in Spain, bars aren't just for 20 somethings. Everyone goes out and parties.)

So that's New Years in Spain. I hope to have an adventure in Salamanca in a couple weeks (the bus leaves at 5:45 am, hooray) but coming up in less than a month is my trip to London and Wales, which I just booked hostals for (and got a killer bus ticket from London-Cardiff). I'll try and write up a blog with some cheap London travel tips as well (if only the relationship between Pound and Euro was a little more in my favor. Damn you crisis!) Write more soon! (oh and I'll finish the promised Church blog as well)

Rome, Part 2

Alright, I think it's time (you know, three weeks after Christmas) to finish up my blog post on my Christmas travels. I've gotten a bit lazy with the blogging, I know (that's not the only thing I've been lazy about. Christmas vacation always does this to me).

I ended with my recommendation for Saint Clements's. I'd also like to include a recommendation for St. John Lateran, which contains the chair that the Pope sits on during his... swearing in ceremony. I can't think of the actual word right now, and I don't have too much time left at the library, so I'm going to leave it with 'you know what I mean'. They have a free audio guide which is neat, and if you pay five euro, you can see some artifacts in the courtyard area. I think 5 was a bit of a rip off, but they do have some cool stuff. And St. John L's is huge and beautiful, so it's worth spending the time there.

Other recommended places-

The Spanish Steps. Full of people, and very beautiful.

The Vatican Museums. Awesome. Spend at least 4 hours there and go in the early afternoon, anywhere from 1-3 pm, not in the morning. It will save you a couple hour wait in the lines (I had no wait). And see the Sistine chapel!

Stop random places- See an open church? Stop by! They're all beautiful, even the small ones. I stopped in a number of random churches on the way, and love every one of them! There are also ruins hiding everywhere. If you see one, stop!

Rome is gigantic. I guarantee you will not see everything, unless you spend at least a week there, maybe two. I was not able to see everything I wanted, so in case you have more time than I did, and you're still looking for things to see, here's what I recommend: St. Mary Major, The Holy Steps (they close at 12 and don't open until 3, be warned), St. Paul Outside the Walls (take a bus), St. Peter in Chains, the Coliseum, and the crypts under the Vatican (they were closed during the Christmas season). Lots I didn't get to see. But I believe I'm going back with the family, and we'll have more time to see them. Heck, maybe we'll even take a bus.

Oh, and don't forget to eat Gelato. Sweet, sweet, gelato.

 

Side note- Let's say you're like me, and your plane arrives at oh, 23:30. You may be worried about transportation, or getting to your hotel safely. No need to worry! Remember, Spaniards are nocturnal on the weekends. The metro in Madrid goes until 1 am, and the streets are packed until who knows when. Even getting to my hostal at 1, I didn't feel the least bit unsafe. In fact, I felt less safe at 10:00 am going to the bus station, when there was practically no one on the streets except for these two drunk guys that started fist fighting as I walked past them.

Rome, Sweet Home, Part 1

When I got into Rome on Christmas Eve Day, I did a very stupid thing. I didn't stop at the information desk. Always stop at the information desk. You get a free map! I thought, hey, I've got a map on my phone, what do I need a free map for? Always stop at the information desk. (and if you know me, you know my sense of direction is... how do I put this... really terrible)

So I wandered around Rome for quite some time looking for my hotel. After about two hours, I gave up, called a cab. I swear to you, he went through the most crowded parts of the city, and I had practically no Euro left. And guess which cabs do not take cards. Why, the ones in Rome, of course. I ended up having just enough (and I mean just enough, I used one cent coins) to pay the guy. Overall, it was kind of a stressful adventure. If only I had gotten a map, I would have realized that my hotel was within walking distance (about 45 minutes, but still).

Anyway, the hotel I stayed at was great. If I walked outside the hotel and down the street, I could see Saint Peter's. The location next to the Vatican was really priority for me, and I certainly got that. After settling in, I went there first. Most everything was closed by then, but I managed to get my first glimpses at the outside, and I watched some of the Christmas plays and whatnot they celebrated outside of the church, mostly, I think, to amuse the people waiting in line for Christmas mass at Saint Peter's. While I sent in for a ticket, I didn't end up getting one, but if you do get one, arrive early for that line. It was huge. It wrapped around the entirety of the square. I don't know how early you have to get there to get a good seat, but bring a snack.

My mass was at the Pantheon. It wasn't quite clear what time the place was going to open, so I showed up at about 9:30, with about ten other people. I had a good conversation with some American nerds (nerds attract nerds) and we waited. And waited. And waited. We had a number of people come up to us and ask what time the doors would open (we had no clue) and thus compiled a list of all the times we had heard the place would open. 9:30, 10:00, 10:30, and 11:00 were all on the list. The doors finally opened at 11:30, but we formed a line before that. I was in the front and got a seat, but if you show up and you're at the back of the line, expect to stand. We watched as they set up a series of metal fences around the doors, to keep people from cutting. Would someone actually do that, we wondered. Not a minute later, a whole bunch of people tried to cut right in. Oh brother. Have I mentioned yet that Americans have a strict sense  of right and wrong when it comes to lines, and that it doesn't carry over into other countries?

The mass was quite beautiful, as is the Pantheon. Dress warmly, as there is a hole in the ceiling. I wish I had worn pants, or at the very least thermals under my tights. But it's a lovely mass, and if you're okay with Italian, I recommend it. Plan to be out until 1:30, 2:00 though.

I'm going to run through the rest of my trip in a not so chronological order, as a lot of my time was spent walking places. I do recommend walking verses public transportation, but the major downside is that you don't always get to see everything you want to see. For example, I did not end up making it to the inside of the Coliseum. It was what I sacrificed to see other things. Also, I recommend, if you're walking to the sacred steps, leave early, because they close at noon and don't open again until three (what is this, Spain?). These were two places I really wanted to see, but didn't get a chance to. Luckily, when my family comes in June, I believe we're making a stop off in Rome, so I'll have another opportunity.

To start out, Saint Peter's. Go there. It's beautiful. I recommend heading over in the morning, before the security line gets too long. I love the exterior of Saint Peter's especially. I could stare at those statues for hours. The inside is filled with beautiful artwork. You can even go to mass (which I did on Christmas day) and confession. Confession in English! Luxury I tell you. Without a doubt my favorite thing in Saint Peter's was the Pieta, Michelangelo's statue of Mary cradling Jesus after he's been taken down from the cross. It's so moving- the way Mary's eyes are on her son, her one hand holding him, and her other raised up to heaven, offering Jesus to the Lord and to His plan, as she always did. In my opinion, it's the most beautiful piece of artwork ever.

I also recommend a trip to the roof. It's about 5 Euro, 7 if you take the stairs. I have quite a phobia of windy, small steps, so while going up was not an issue, going down was terrifying. But it's worth it for that view. And it's really not that many stairs, certainly not compared to the Toledo Cathedral, or even the one in Burgos. It was actually the only time I saw the Vatican gardens, since I couldn't find my way to them on foot.

Bit of advice--don't run on the Vatican rooftops. See, there's a point when you have to cross over the roof (not a roof roof, but an area that's exposed to the elements) to get to the last set of stairs down. And by the time I made it down to that section, it was pouring. There was torrential rain, complete with high winds. Everyone was mingling, wondering what to do, when a brave family stepped out into the rain. Their kids were jogging a little bit and I thought, hey why not. I opened my umbrella and stepped out, and attempted to run to the next entrance. Next thing I know, my umbrella has flipped inside out (I thought that only happened in movies). I'm laughing at it when, next thing I know, I'm sliding down the roof on my but (again, not the roof roof). It was at a slope, so I'm basically on a water slide for a few seconds. My stuff flies out of my purse (thank goodness my phone case is awesome, otterbox is totally worth it) and I land on my wrist. It was a little painful. The family who went first came back to help me up, which I really appreciated in the rain, and I continued on, wet but mostly unharmed. The moral of the story is, if you go up to the Vatican dome and see a sign that says, no running, that's because of me.

Other recommended places:

1. Trevi fountain. It's really cool, you throw in a coin over your left shoulder, and if you do so, I believe it means you'll be back in Rome again (hopefully June, for me). Also, there's a  gelato shop nearby with Nutella gelato. Nutella. Gelato.

2. Saint Clements's Basilica. The final resting place of Pope Saint Clement (and Saint Cyril), it's a small but beautiful church. The mosaic in the front is amazing. It's Christ on the Cross, surrounded by vines. It was featured in Catholicism by Fr. Robert Baron, and I really recommend stopping off to see it. It's also got a very famous painting of Mary in it. But even more than just the Basilica is what's under it. They excavated underneath in the 1800s, and found that not only was the Basilica built on an older Saint Clement's (4th-12th century, where they found the remains of Saint Cyril) but on top of an old Roman cult of Mithras building (which was converted from the house of an aristocrat). In the old Basilica you can still see the frescos on the walls (most of which have been restored). There's one in particular of the Virgin and Child that was behind another fresco. The top fresco was precariously attached, and fell right off the wall, only to reveal the fourth century Madonna. There are also frescos of saints, Christ rescuing the souls who died before him from the 'limbo of the church fathers' , and the story of Saint Clements's body. Saint Clements's body was attached to an anchor and thrown into the Black Sea, but was found and buried on an island. Every year, the tide would ebb and reveal his burial site. Well one year, a little boy was caught in the tide and take out to sea. But the next year, he was returned to the shore, safe and sound (now whether he was a year older or not, the fresco didn't say). Once you finish with the old Basilica, the next level down is a preserved building from before the fourth century (2nd, if I remember correctly). It used to be an aristocrat's house, and you can definitely tell. Not only is it huge, it's got running water. It was then converted into a cult of Mithras, and some of the artifacts are still there. Overall, Saint Clements's is worth the visit. And, they give student discounts if you've got your under 26 card (available on most travel websites).

Well, the library is going to close soon, and I at least want to get started posting these. I still have a few more recommendations, but I'll have to post them when I get here next time. I'll try to head over in the afternoon, but I'm sick, so I'm not sure if I'll be up to leaving my house twice in one day.

Christmas Layover

I recently, as you know if you're friends with me on Facebook (because I've posted probably 500 pictures and that's still not all the pictures that I have), had the pleasure of being in Rome over Christmas break. It was fantastic, and I'd like to fill you in as best I can, not only for the people who read my blog, but for me, so I remember what all happened there.

When I bought these tickets a few months ago, I decided that I wanted to have a layover somewhere, long enough that I could explore a new city. I chose Zurich on the way out, with Frankfurt on the way in. The latter was not long enough to go out and explore Germany, but my layover in Zurich was about 12 hours, so more than enough time to go out and explore. The train station is right near the airport, so after navigating the train schedules/tickets (I had to ask someone which train was mine (and by ask I mean point and mime)) I got to the main train station downtown. When you reach the main station, you're in Old Town, which, if you've only got a couple of hours, I recommend checking out. It's a beautiful city- old just like many parts of Spain, but in a more... orderly way. For example, if a building is crumbling down to nothing in Spain, say an old farmhouse or a storefront, they just let it crumble. There are half buildings everywhere in Spain. I don't think the same can be said for Zurich, at least not the part I saw.

I had two goals in mind- see the Grossmunster and the Fraumunster churches, and as a bonus goal, find a Christmas market. Luckily, both the churches tower above the skyline in that part of Zurich, and the Christmas market was on a street lit up with lights, so I managed to do them all. The Fraumunster was closed, and I thought the same thing would hold for the Grossmunster, but as I'm about to leave, I notice some people walk inside. I thought, heck, why not. If it's a service, the worst that could happen is a little embarrassment. So I walked in. It is a beautiful church and again struck me as more orderly than the churches in Spain (though I love them, they do seem sometimes to be designed oddly-throw a chapel here, throw a chapel there, etc.). To my surprise, there was an orchestra and choir practicing in the loft above me, getting ready for the Christmas Eve service the next day. It was like having my own private concert! It was just heavenly. I'm so glad I walked into that church. I stayed for about a half an hour before leaving. I wish I could have stayed more.

I did manage to find a large Christmas market, housed in the same main train station, off to the side of where the trains arrive. It was quite impressive. Every little stall offered something Christmas related; a nativity, a Christmas sweet, a Christmas ale. But they closed at nine, and I mean at nine. I went to buy a spiced orange drink at 9:01 (I checked my phone) and it was 'sorry, we're closed.' Talk about efficient. Afterwards, I boarded a train and went back to the airport, and settled down for an uncomfortable winter's nap on  airport chairs.

A note on sleeping at the Zurich airport- It's doable. However, make sure you get to the airport before 11, because they close down . You won't be able to get through security. Also, if you have an early morning flight, check your bag the night before, because you may just find that security opens after your flight leaves. I was fine, but I definitely heard two girls get told, you might as well find another flight, because they were stuck in such a situation.

Next post, Rome!

Catholicism in Spain, Part 1, the superficial differences

This is part one of a two part post on Catholicism in Spain. Mostly I'm writing from a Catholic perspective to other Catholics, so if it doesn't make sense, you can leave a comment here or on Facebook and I'll try to explain why it's different. This first post is just to explain some of the superficial differences between Spain and the United States. And this is just my little corner of Spain that I'm able to speak about, so if you've had a different experience elsewhere (especially, I imagine, in large cathedrals) it's probably just as valid.

1. Kneelers- Kneelers with cushions? They're less common than unicorns. It's a wooden board, and that's pretty much everywhere, from the Cathedral to the tiny neighborhood church. The only place you'll find something soft to kneel on is at the confessional. Incentive, perhaps?

2. Communion "lines"- When going up to Communion in the States, there is a distinct order. As a child, I would panic when I was at the end of a pew and had to leave first. Which way do I go? When do I step out? And if I was in the first row? I would spend all mass worrying about it. A 'line' here involves leaving your pew whenever, stepping over the people who aren't going to Communion, and not letting anyone in that may have come around the pew in the other direction. Sometimes people start for the line before the priest has come down from the altar. Suffice it to say, no one stands at the end of the pews like they do in the US, waiting for the previous pew to clear out before they let you go.

3. Standing, sitting, kneeling, who knows?- I never realized how orderly the US was with sitting, standing, and kneeling, until I got to Spain. It's kind of a free for all. Do we stand at the Amen? Do we sit after the consecration? When do we kneel before the consecration? Generally, I follow the strict rubric (and I mean strict really only in comparison to Spain) in the States, though there are certain moments in Spain when we stand and not kneel, and over time I've noticed that I'm getting more and more lax. Oddly enough, this can vary from mass to mass. When I go to Sunday mass, I notice that it differs between the people that attend daily mass at 12 and those that go at 7:30. Weird.

4. Canned Music- You know, canned, like during basketball games when the band isn't playing. So during daily mass, when in the States you'd probably hear silence, there's a recording playing. For example, during Communion. Or before mass. And it's not all good music, some is pretty cheesy. The lyrics, the singing, the instrumentation... Some of them I enjoy. Mostly, I think silence would be better.

5. Music books- You know how in the States we have music books in the pews? And we're very careful to mark which songs we're singing so that all can participate? Not so much here. They sing, to be sure, but they're songs that everyone knows already. No books necessary. Unless you're that one American girl that's like "Tal y tal y tal paz, tal y tal y tal Jesús, tal y tal y piedad" while everyone else is just fine. (I've actually got most of two songs down, which I consider quite a success. One is only six words repeated over and over, but I consider it a victory.)

6. Permanent deacons- There are none (0) in Burgos. Very few in total, as far as I can tell.

7. Read the black, whisper the rest- People like to whisper the mass parts here. Not the parts the congregation normally say, but the parts the priest says. Even the parts he doesn't say out loud. I really appreciate the rhythm of the congregation saying things together, so it kind of drives me crazy when I hear people whispering around me.  (It bugs me the same when it's a group rosary and one person is going really fast. Obviously I recognize that as my problem, not theirs. But come on, starting your half of the group rosary when the leader is still finishing theirs?)

8. The advent wreath- For some reason, and I have yet to ask why, our advent wreath goes purple, green, white, red. In Portugal it was the traditional purple, purple, pink, purple, so I need to ask our priests why the different colors.

9. Confession- I'm having a hard time going. Not because of the language or awkwardness, but because it's in the middle of mass. I feel like I'm missing one sacrament for another, and I don't like it. In the cathedral in Burgos, they had separate times for confession, but I imagine that it was because there were a lot of parishioners and a lot of priests to be able to facilitate this. The one time I attended a tridentine mass, they also had confession during mass, so perhaps it's something carried over? In any case, it's hard to get used to.

10. The Eucharist- Obviously, this is very similar, as it is the source and summit of our faith. A couple differences though. First, only the priest takes drinks from the Blessed Cup. I believe this was an issue the Anglican church had with the Catholic church, which has since been resolved post Vatican 2 (if I remember correctly), but it didn't carry over into most of Spain, it seems. Secondly, the priest blesses only 1 wafer, eats the whole thing, and then takes out already consecrated Host from the tabernacle. This saves a lot of time on breaking the Host into many pieces, and certainly helps since there are no deacons in Burgos.

 

Well, that's part one. I'll write a part two coming up in the next couple days, when I have internet. In other news, just two more weeks until I head to Rome! Super excited. That'll be worth several blog posts, I'm sure. I'm off to celebrate my birthday by making pretzels in the shape of a 2 and a 4. Mmmm... pretzels.

Green Wine, Marian Apparitions, and Nice Weather

To continue my adventures in Europe this last weekend, I had the pleasure of going to Fatima Italy, home of Our Lady of Fatima, one of two very well known Marian apparitions in the world. It was amazing!But I'll get there...

This was my first time in a country in which I didn't speak the language. I've only, up until this weekend, been in Spanish speaking countries, and I've always had, to varying degrees, Spanish to get by on. This time, not so much. Luckily, I was traveling with a friend who had a very helpful phrase book. Nothing I learned really stuck, but I will say it was a comfort to have someone else who was making an effort to speak Portuguese along.

We boarded a train from Burgos at about 22.00, or 10:00 pm. It's not such a bad idea, if you don't mind sleeping on a train. The way I thought of it, it was kind of like two for one, transportation and board. Albeit, cramped board. If you know what I'm talking about, imagine the South Shore, with a little less leg room, more cushions, and a heater. With my trusty neck pillow, I managed to get some sleep, but if you're riding the Renfe train (or any train I imagine) overnight, get a window seat.

In the morning, we arrived in Lisboa, Portugal. I must say, the city is quite beautiful. There are two stations in Lisboa,, and we picked Santa Apolonia, in the historic district. I think that was a good choice. In the few minutes we had before heading out to Fatima, we were able to get a quick look around the city. It's a port town, right along a river that leads to the ocean, and it's reflected in the architecture. Whereas the places I've been to in Spain are very red colored, Lisboa is mostly light colors; blues, pinks, yellows. The iron work on the buildings is lovely, and so are the mosaic tiles. I will say that it has unfortunately been covered in graffiti (and not good graffiti either) over the years, so it does mar some of the charm of the historic district, but it's still quite beautiful. It's situated on a hill (easier for defense) and is composed of staircase alleyways and hidden stone work. Not only that but it was about 60 degrees. A nice weekend change from Spain, for sure.

We spent about an hour looking around (carrying luggage, mind you) until our Bla Bla car driver arrived. For anyone who doesn't know what that is, BlaBlaCar is like carpooling on a massive scale. Someone posts online that they plan on going from here to there on such and such date, and that they have however many seats available in their car. You basically rent a ride to wherever you need to go. I've never done it (little nervous) but with another person traveling with me, I figured I was okay. It turned out to be an interesting ride. The guy was 25, and spoke English very well. He explained several things, the most fascinating of which was the fact that few Portuguese learn Spanish. Apparently, for a Portuguese person, Spanish is really easy to understand. The same is not true in reverse, however, because Portuguese has about 15 vowel sounds, while Spanish only has 5, or 6 if you include y. However, if you go to Brazil, they've simplified the vowel sounds, much like their Spanish speaking neighbors. So a Spanish speaker would find it much easier to understand a Brazilian than a Portuguese. The same holds true for Brazilians. Apparently, Portugal Portuguese is confusing for them, too. It did make me feel better, because to me Portuguese sounds like a lot of j and sh sounds.

Fatima is an interesting town. There's a shrine there, of course, quite massive and very modern looking. The actual site of the apparition is outside town. There's a small tour train that takes you there. It's about 4 Euro, which I think is a little high, but it's either that or a pretty significant hike. Within the old town (Cova do Iria) you'll find all the houses of the visionaries perfectly preserved, small doorways and dirty rooms. It's all really fascinating. The best part, of course, is the site of the apparitions. I won't go into too much detail here, but if you want to learn about it, check this site out http://www.portugal.com/fatima/apparitions
They have statues set up at each of the sites. One is at a well near Lucia's house. The other two are in a park that was designed to show the different sites. After walking past the pavement and on to cobblestone, you'll find the stations of the cross. We didn't quite make it around all of them, but went mostly straight for the Marian apparition site. It's marked with a lovely statue of Our Lady of Fatima, and you can stop and pray there. There's also the site of the 1st and 3rd apparition of the Angel of Portugal, the angel of peace, who appeared before Mary. For the most part, it's just a path, surrounded by the same olive trees the children would have played under. I've heard a lot about Our Lady of Fatima, but it was very enriching to actual be there, and understand what the place is like. To walk where they walked and to stand in front of the place Mary appeared to them, almost 100 years ago.

Back to the shrine- It's composed of a 2 chapels for mass, an open air chapel for prayer and the rosary, a place to light candles, a small museum of artifacts, and an underground walkway, complete with perpetual adoration, confession, and a new exhibit. We went everywhere except the main chapel, as it was closed for mass. Of course, the whole plaza can be used for mass if necessary. I imagine on the feast day of Our Lady of Fatima, it is.

The museums were very interesting. The above ground museum first shows you a short video of the history of OLF, including an ending voiced by Sister Lucia. It's in Portuguese, but can be subtitled in a number of languages, including English. Since this is the off season, the tours were mostly in Portuguese. My friend and I, feeling a burst of confidence, tagged along with the Portuguese tour guide and group, since the English group hadn't started yet. It was actually the most successful attempt at understanding Portuguese yet, as she spoke more slowly and clearly than someone would regular speech. Among the things you can see there are the monstrances donated by various countries and people (Ireland donated a neat one), Papal vestments, and even, in the crown that OLF is crowned with in October, the bullet that almost killed JP2. He credits our Lady with saving his life (her prayers).

The underground exhibit just opened. Most notably, you can see the letters that Sister Lucia wrote with the three secrets of Fatima. You'll get a pamphlet with English descriptions, but unfortunately the letters are not translated into English. So being able to read one of the Latin based languages is required. There's also a rosary made with pieces of rock (donated by a Portuguese immigrant) from the Berlin wall, and a slab of the Berlin Wall outside, as OLF is also credited with being influential in bringing down communism.

The chapel in which we said mass was... interesting. Super modern. And huge. I'm not a big fan of modern art, so I wouldn't really say it was stunning, but it was impressive. The golden design behind the altar is interesting, but the iron crucifix was a little... odd looking. And the advent wreath wasn't so much a wreath as a line of candles in glass holders. I mostly got through the mass by responding in Spanish, which was close-ish to the Portuguese, and I read the readings beforehand, which was really good because beyond Paul and Romans I didn't get much. Zip on the homily, too. But the mass is the mass, and the Eucharist is the Eucharist, and requires no knowledge of the language being spoken.

Two amusing anecdotes. The kiss of peace, really was the kiss of peace. It was the two cheek kiss, which I don't even do in Spain, and it took me a little off guard. The second was the exit from the church. You're not supposed to leave before the priest, and nobody did. What happened instead is that everyone, as the priest passed by their pew, filed out behind him, so by the time he got to the back, practically the entire church was right at his back, itching to go faster than the slow pace he was keeping. It was all very funny.

You can light candles at Fatima, and I recommend you do. You can either buy them from one of the dozens of shops next to the site, or at the site itself. After purchasing them, you take them over to a massive candle holder. Light it with one of the already burning candles, and if you can find a spot, slip it into the candle holder. Then watch as  your candle is consumed, not only by the light on top, but by the fire from below that springs up when enough candles fill up a space. It must be light sensitive or motion sensitive. Either way, it's pretty cool to watch. I've got some pictures on Facebook.

I do recommend this time of year. The weather's great, it's not crowded, and the hotels are cheap (25 euro split between 2 people). There's also delicious Portuguese food (duck and rice, yum) and wine (green wine, never heard of it before, but it's delicious and citrusy). We did head back on Sunday and spend some time in Lisboa, another excellent adventure, but my fingers are getting tired, so I think I'll sign off for now.

Madrid for a Day

So my trip to Madrid was mostly a failure. Not that I didn't end up enjoying it, but it didn't really serve the purpose I wanted it to. I got up bright and early, about 6, to catch a bus to Madrid. I had already purchased my ticket to the Doctor Who 3D movie, and it started at 1:15. I planned on going to the movie, spending a couple of hours wandering downtown, and then going back to Aranda at about 8:00. Perfect, right?

Let's skip to the moral of the story. Spain is on a 24 hour clock. Which, I knew. I even have it changed on my phone and iPod. So you would think I wouldn't get it confused. I'm outside of the theater waiting for the movie to start, and it's closed. Completely closed. Luckily, there were a few fellow Whovians waiting with me; two Spaniards, three Americans, and a Mexican. We had a nice chat, and waited. And waited. 1:00 passed. And 1:15. And we were starting to get anxious. Finally, at 1:20, a woman on the street stopped to talk to us. "There are no movies right now," she said. "There's a special showing at one," the Spanish guy said. "Yes," she said, "one. Not 13.00." Unfortunately, she was right. The showing was at 1, or as we Americans would say, 1 am. It seemed too late to even consider when I booked the ticket, and I didn't, so I ended up losing the 10 Euro I paid for the movie. Bummer.

Luckily, if you're going to be stuck wandering around Madrid for 8 hours, there's no better place than Calle Fuencarral. It's an excellent place for shopping, even if all you do is window shop. I managed to get some Christmas presents, and actually had a pretty good time. I finally got to go into the Corte Ingles, a Spanish department store (the largest store I've been in, but with incredibly low ceilings, which I didn't even know would bother me until I experienced it. They had some decorations hanging down, and I know that my little brother would have wacked his head on them.)The city is getting ready for Christmas, and the street was partially decorated (I don't think they official turn things on until advent). My favorite part of the evening was coming across a sextet playing on the street. There were two violins, a cello, a bass, a keyboard, and a soprano opera singer. Lovely.

Up until this point, I hadn't really thought much of Madrid. It's starting to grow on me. It might be partially due to the fact that I got some awesome Christmas gifts, and found some actually comfortable, cute boots. I don't know how women in Spain do it. Most boots have no insoles whatsoever, and the ones you buy have hardly no arch support. Fortunately, this particular brand advertises itself as one you can walk around in for a full day, which is usually something I just expect from my shoes. They're also blue! And, when it gets hot out, I can zip off the top half and make short botines. Que chula, no?

Not only that, but I've managed to get around on the metro pretty well. I'm always worried about public transportation (and if I can will always walk or bike somewhere. My fear keeps me fit I suppose). But I've ridden the metro a few times now, and have not gotten lost or mugged or spat on or stabbed or transported to an alternate dimension, so I'm feeling pretty confident about the whole thing.

I'm finally off to Fatima this weekend! Hooray! If you have any prayer requests, leave a message on Facebook or on the blog. And soon I'll be in Rome! Lots of pictures to come soon.

Happy Thanksgiving!

The Mozarabic Rite Mass

(This is going to be one of those Catholic writing to Catholics post, because I figure mostly Catholics would be interested in the post. If you'd like to know more or don't know what the heck I'm talking about, message me)

Today I had the pleasure of attending a Hispanic-Mozarabic rite of the Catholic mass, held every day in the Toledo cathedral. It was really neat, and I was amazed both by how different and how similar it was to the Roman Rite. First, a little history. This rite was formalized in the 600s, when the Visigoths ruled Spain (and when I say Spain, it wasn't even close to what it is today), but similar forms were used for the first ten centuries in Spain. The rite was continued under Arabic rule. That's what Mozarabic means, those under Arabic rule that were not Arabic, but remained Christian. Pope Gregory XII eventually united the Christian kingdoms under the Roman rite (I believe this is the same Pope that united Gregorian chant, though I can't confirm without internet), and most of the areas in Spain converted to the new rite, save for those that were still under Arabic rule. Hence the name came into being. Even after the reconquest, the people wanted to keep their rite. A deal was struck, and within six parishes in Toledo, the people (and subsequent generations) of those who participated in the Mozarabic mass before the reconquest were allowed to continue celebrating in that fashion. The mass underwent several updates, and with Vatican II was restored to a purer form. It's also allowed to be celebrated anywhere it is appropriate, though I believe it is still only celebrated in Leon and Toledo. That is at least, what I gathered from the mass packet they gave me after I translated it from Spanish. Someone may want to read through it and double check my work.

The mass opened with a three member choir (probably priests or deacons) filing in behind us. They sat behind what almost looked like a cloister gate, though not a gate per say. It began with a chanted prayer, which I wish I had known wasn't in the booklet, because it was very nice and I would have liked to listen to it better. They were all wearing red and black capes- very Spanish looking. The chant went on for about ten minutes, and then the mass began.

I was surprised to see that it was ad populum. That could have been a later change I suppose, but the chapel we were in was about 500 years old (dedicated after the conquest of Toledo) and the altar was clearly designed for someone to be standing behind it, though I can't say for sure. I also noticed that both the priest's vestments and the altar were covered in a pink/purple color, and couldn't figure out why. (You might be able to guess. It turned out to be really obvious)

What was amazing about the structure of the mass was how similar everything was. Liturgy of the word- A reading from the prophets, a reading from the letters, and a reading from the Gospels. It was in a combination of Latin and Spanish, most of the spoken prayers in Latin, with the exception the response to the readings, which was "demos gracias a Dios" in Spanish. There was no psalm, but instead a Benediction. When we got to the homily, I realized why the colors were pink/purple-today was the first Sunday of Advent in the Mozarabic rite. Neat! (this means I can start playing holiday music, right?)

After the readings began the preparation of the offerings. (Again, all of this is chanted, and the congregation also chants in response. That took a while to get a hang of, since it wasn't the same note structure I've come to expect in Gregorian chant or during a Latin rite mass.) This section was definitely the most different. The offertory prayers were distinct from what we use now, although they still mentioned things like the Pope and his intentions, and the dead. What was really cool was the series of small litany-like prayers. One to a number of apostles and martyrs and one to confessors. All of them were ancient Saints, almost all either in the Bible or with super roman names. Ambrose, Fulgencio, Fructuoso, Eulalia, etc. This section ended with a prayer for the dead.

The sign of peace was very similar overall, though it began with a series of unique prayers, ended with a canticle, and in the middle we shook hands (la paz de Dios sea contigo, in Spanish).

The coolest part of the whole mass was the Liturgy of the Eucharist. It begins with similar prayers (justo y necesario, lo tenemos levantado hacia el Señor) but with a few added prayers. My favorite was the response "All our attention towards the Lord" before the aforementioned part.

The Santo came next, all the same except for the ending "hágios, hágios,, hágios, Kyrie o Theós" written in Greek on both the Latin and Spanish side of the booklet, so I don't have an exact translation of that one. The institution was much the same, which didn't surprise me, since most of it's a direct quote anyway. We didn't kneel but stood. In fact, we stood most of the time, with some sitting during the liturgy and a bit later on. No kneeling at all.

The Nicene Creed followed, the same we use today (makes sense, it was created before the rite was established). The coolest and most unique thing of the whole mass was the breaking of the Eucharist. It started with the priest chanting. Then, he broke the Eucharist into different pieces, forming a cross with them on the altar. All the pieces signified a different part of Christ's life; the incarnation, the birth, the circumcision, the transfiguration, the passion, the death, the resurrection, the gloria (if I had to translate that one I'd say ascension), and the reign of Christ in heaven, which he announced out loud. Nine points, seven of them in a cross, two to the right side of the cross. Before the mass, the priest asked how many people would be receiving Communion (which I only just barely understood and raised my hand in time). I think we were about nine, so we probably just made the cross. I assume they break it into nine pieces no matter what, and then the rest as needed.

Afterwards came the Our Father. While the text is the same, the whole congregation doesn't participate. Instead, the priest intones the lines of the Our Father, followed by 'amén' from the congregation. A similar prayer follows the Our Father, but without the traditional 'for yours is the kingdom, etc." (would you believe I can only remember the words to that in Spanish right now?) If I'm remembering correctly, this would have been a time when that was not said in the mass, though later became part of the mass again. I'm just guessing on that one, I really can't remember for sure. This is followed by a benediction, similar but longer than the one we currently use.

Finally, we get to Communion. There's a short canticle, the priest praying first and the congregation responding with "alleluia, alleluia, alleluia." This goes on during Communion. Communion is taken on the tongue, and both species are presented together. The priest dips the Body into the precious Blood, and then holds out a cloth as he gives you the Eucharist, to make sure none of the precious blood drips onto the ground. I really appreciated the care and reverence given to the Eucharist. There are a few closing prayers, then the mass ends.

While it was so different, with the mass being 98% chanted, the additional offertory prayers, the breaking of the Eucharist into the cross, and the different wording, it was definitely the mass. Most everything we said I recognized. The format was basically the same. And with the celebration of the Eucharist, the prayers for the dead, the recognition of the Saints and the blessed Virgin throughout the mass, it was 100% Catholic. One, holy, apostolic, and universal Catholic church. It was really neat to be able to participate in something 1400 years old and unique to Spain, but it was still part of that Holy Mass, instituted by Christ, and celebrated from then until now and into the future and for all eternity as a heavenly banquet. Qué guay, ¿no?